Master translation and interpretation techniques

Plan and execute translation projects accounting for equivalence theory and register

High-stakes translation (legal, literary, technical) where equivalence theory discipline prevents the 'invisible translator' problem of over-domestication

• · source text with metadata (register, genre, purpose)
• · target language and audience context
• · translation strategy preference (domestication vs. foreignization)

• · translation strategy recommendations by segment
• · equivalence choice (formal vs. dynamic) justified
• · register-matched target text
• · back-translation for verification
• · quality checklist (coherence, cohesion, cultural adaptation)

Bilingual or near-bilingual competence in both languages; understanding of source text's register and purpose; cultural knowledge of target audience

Word-for-word translation producing nonsense (French 'pleut des cordes' -> 'rains ropes'); register mismatch (formal text in casual register); false friends causing meaning reversal

• · Nida's formal vs. dynamic equivalence (1964) — foundational theory still taught in translation programs
• · Vinay & Darbelnet (1958) seven-strategy continuum (borrowing to adaptation) with examples
• · Reiss text-type framework (informative, expressive, operative) tied to translation priorities
• · Back-translation methodology as verification loop (professional standard)